要点：
黑木耳（A. auricula）和黑木耳多糖（Auricularia auricula polysaccharide，AAP）都具有抗高血脂的作用。
黑木耳和黑木耳多糖的作用与肠道菌群的调节有关。
不同的属分别通过黑木耳和黑木耳多糖干预来调节。
众所周知，黑木耳和黑木耳多糖具有抗高血脂的作用，但是它们的机制以及与受试者肠道菌群结构的关系几乎没有过报道。在这项研究中，北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院Tingting Zhang、Wenying Zhao和Beizhen Xie*等人发现黑木耳干预可以使高脂血症大鼠的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平分别降低44.03％和66.21％，而黑木耳多糖干预分别可以降低31.38％和41.38％。高通量测序分析进一步表明，黑木耳和黑木耳多糖干预可调节肠道菌群结构。区别在于，黑木耳上调了与富含膳食纤维的饮食相关的拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）和帕拉普氏菌属（Paraprevotella），能产生高丰度的短链脂肪酸（SCFA），而黑木耳多糖可以更好地富集一些低丰度短链脂肪酸产生菌，例如黄杆菌属（Flavonifractor）和梭菌属IV（Clostridium IV）。
结果表明，在黑木耳和黑木耳多糖干预下，抗高脂血症的不同效果可能与肠道菌群结构的不同调节机制有潜在联系。
Abstract
Effects of Auricularia auricula and its polysaccharide on diet-induced hyperlipidemia rats by modulating gut microbiota
Tingting Zhanga,1, Wenying Zhaoa,1, Beizhen Xiea,b,c, Hong Liua,b,c
aInstitute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
bBeijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
cInternational Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
It is well known that Auricularia auricula (A. auricula) and Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (AAP) have anti-hyperlipidemia effects, but their mechanism and the relationship with the gut microbiota structure of the subjects were barely reported. In this study we found that A. auricula intervention could reduce the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of hyperlipidemia rats by 44.03% and 66.21%, while AAP intervention by 31.38% and 41.38%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing analysis further indicated that A. auricula and AAP interventions could modulate gut microbiota structure. While, the difference was that A. auricula upregulated the high-abundance SCFA-producing genus Bacteroides and Paraprevotella related to dietary fiber-rich diet, while AAP could better enrich several lower-abundance SCFA-producing bacteria such as Flavonifractor and Clostridium IV. The results implied that the different anti-hyperlipidemia effects of A. auricula and AAP interventions might have a potential link with the diverging modulation of gut microbiota structure.
