方法与结果
为达到研究目的，将雌性Wistar大鼠经过数代的ω-3缺乏喂养，并且第七代的雌性Wistar大鼠被随机分配到两个饮食组并且喂食ω-3缺乏或富含ω-3的饮食。此外，将一组以前未经处理的雌性Wistar大鼠饲喂富含ω-3的饮食。使用已经建立的用于评估注意力和冲动行为的模板对这三个饮食组的雄性后代进行测试，即五项选择连续反应时间任务（5CSRTT）的修订版本。
目前的数据表明，ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸在几代中的缺乏导致注意力和冲动行为发生实质性变化。与ω-3缺乏相关的损伤部分通过在ω-3缺乏组的最后一代ω-3充足饮食治疗中可得到部分纠正，并且显示其注意力评估参数显着改善。虽然膳食调整对精神活动水平没有显着影响，但仍有一些证据表明冲动行为发生了变化。
结论：
总之，ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的跨代饮食变化可以导致大鼠注意力和冲动行为的改变，这支持了ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸在认知和行为过程中发挥作用的假设。目前的研究结果提供了一个有希望的方法来调查ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸在各种认知和行为领域的作用。
文章摘要
ABSTRACT
Alterations of attention and impulsivity in the rat following a
transgenerational decrease in dietary omega-3 fatty acids
Joachim Hauser, Ewelina Stollberg, Andreas Reissmann, Ivo Kaunzinger, Klaus W. Lange ?
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
Received 10 August 2017; received in revised form 19 December 2017; accepted 22 December 2017
Available online 15 February 2018
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly the omega-3 PUFAs, are thought to be involved in neuronal processes, to play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders and to be important for the integrity of central nervous system functioning. The present study investigated the effects of nutritional omega-3 PUFAs on attentional functions and impulsive behavior in Wistar rats. For this purpose, female Wistar rats were fed an omega-3 deficient diet over several generations, and the dams of the seventh generation were randomly assigned to two diet groups and fed an omega-3 deficient or an omega-3 sufficient diet. In addition, a group of previously untreated dams was fed an omega-3 sufficient diet. The male offspring of these three diet groups were tested using an established paradigm for the assessment of attention and impulsive behavior, i.e. a modified version of the five-choice-serial-reaction-time task (5CSRTT). The present data show that the deficiency of omega-3 PUFAs over generations led to substantial changes in attentional processes and impulsive behaviors. The impairments associated with an omega-3 deficiency were partly corrected by treatment with the omega-3 sufficient diet in the last generation of the omega-3 deficient group which showed substantial improvements in attention parameters. While there were no significant effects of dietary modifications on psychomotor activity levels, there was some evidence for changes in impulsive behavior. In conclusion, transgenerational dietary changes in the availability of omega-3 PUFAs led to changes in attentional processes and impulsive behavior in rats, supporting the hypothesis that omega-3 PUFAs play a role in cognitive and behavioral processes. The present findings offer a promising approach in the investigation of the role of omega-3 PUFAs in a variety of cognitive and behavioral domains.
